% The color scheme was originated by Joshua Fallon, an LSU Ph.D. alumnus, around March 2018.
% Updated by Bogdan Oporowski in March 2023.
%Updated by laura Kurtz in 2025 to add a slide counter and some other modern latex benefits.
\documentclass[xcolor=svgnames]{beamer}
\mode<presentation> {
  \usetheme{Warsaw} 
  \usecolortheme{beaver}
  \setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{} % Removes navigation buttons
  \setbeamertemplate{caption}[numbered]
  \setbeamertemplate{headline}{}
} 
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{circuitikz}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usefonttheme{professionalfonts}
\definecolor{LSUP}{RGB}{70,29,124}
\definecolor{LSUG}{RGB}{253,208,35}
\definecolor{LSULP}{RGB}{163,154,172}
\definecolor{LSULG}{RGB}{241,238,219}
\setbeamercolor{structure}{bg=LSUG,fg=LSUP}
\setbeamercolor{title}{bg=LSUP,fg=LSUG}
\setbeamercolor{title in head/foot}{bg=LSUP,fg=LSUG}
\setbeamercolor{frametitle}{bg=LSUP,fg=LSUG}
\setbeamercolor{author in head/foot}{bg=LSUG,fg=LSUP}
\setbeamercolor{date in head/foot}{bg=LSUG,fg=LSUP}
\setbeamercolor{section in head/foot}{bg=LSUG,fg=LSUP}
\setbeamercolor{subsection in head/foot}{bg=LSUP,fg=LSUG}
\setbeamercolor{block body}{bg=LSULG}

% ===== FOOTER WITH SLIDE COUNTER =====
\setbeamertemplate{footline}{%
  \leavevmode%
  \hbox{%
    % Left: Author
    \begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=0.333333\paperwidth,ht=2.25ex,dp=1ex,left]{author in head/foot}%
      \usebeamerfont{author in head/foot}\insertshortauthor
    \end{beamercolorbox}%
    % Center: Title
    \begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=0.333333\paperwidth,ht=2.25ex,dp=1ex,center]{title in head/foot}%
      \usebeamerfont{title in head/foot}\insertshorttitle
    \end{beamercolorbox}%
    % Right: Slide counter
    \begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=0.333333\paperwidth,ht=2.25ex,dp=1ex,right]{date in head/foot}%
      \usebeamerfont{date in head/foot}%
      Slide \insertframenumber{} of \inserttotalframenumber%
      \hspace*{2em}%
    \end{beamercolorbox}%
  }%
  \vskip0pt%
}

\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{LSULP}{#1}}
\newcommand{\Prob}{\mathbb{P}}
\newcommand{\Z}{\mathbb{Z}}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{xcolor}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%PREAMBLE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\title[Accessibility in LaTeX]{Making LaTeX-generated PDFs Screen Reader Friendly (and otherwise accessible)}
\author{Laura Kurtz}
\institute[LSU]{Louisiana State University \\ Assisted by:\\Alex Perlis \\Justin Champagne}
\date{\today}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\begin{frame}{Outline}
\tableofcontents
\end{frame}
\section{The Basics of PDFs and Screen Readers}
\begin{frame}{Giant Disclaimer}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item I am not claiming that this will be `perfect' accessibility. 
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Frame %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{How Do Screen Readers Work?}
Screen readers typically do not look at the image of the page.  
They read the document’s embedded structure (the tagging!).

\vspace{1cm}

If tags are missing or malformed, the reader guesses(often incorrectly).

\vspace{1cm}

Math poses additional challenges: PDF has no native math structure.
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Frame %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Accessible PDFs from LaTeX are inherently weird}
Historically LaTeX took the author's structure information (chapter, section, etc) and used that to influence style, but ultimately threw away this information, because the underlying TeX engine was only interested in glueing boxes together.
Producing an accessible PDF requires adding a hidden “structure tree”  
to the output. This tree must match the visible content.\\
But the latest versions of LaTeX are now preserving the structure information and creating the needed structure tree.
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Tagging}
\begin{frame}[fragile]{Tagging: Good Author Behavior}
In other words...USE THE NATURAL STRUCTURE TAGGING!!
\pause

Use:
\begin{itemize}
    \item \verb|\chapter|
    \pause
    \item \verb|\section|, \verb|\subsection| \pause — not bold 16pt text.
   \pause \item \verb|\emph| \pause — not manual italics.
    \pause \item \verb|\itemize| and \verb|\enumerate| \pause — not hand-typed bullets.
    \pause \item \verb|\caption| \pause — not a line of text under a figure.
\end{itemize}
\pause
Avoid:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Decorative spacing tricks. (use \textbackslash~vspace with caution)
    \pause
    \item TikZ/graphics without captions or alt text. (ALWAYS use \verb|\begin{figure}| with an alt text line) [more on this in a moment]
\end{itemize}

The cleaner the markup, the more accurate the tagging.
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}[fragile]{Enabling Tagging and Alt Text for Screen Readers}
    Use the following header:
   \begin{figure}
       \centering
       \includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{header.png}
       \label{fig:placeholder}
   \end{figure}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Steps YOU can Take}
\begin{frame}{Practical Workflow to Produce an Accessible Enough PDF from Overleaf}
A realistic workflow:

\begin{itemize}
    \item Write semantically clean LaTeX.
    \item Enable tagging
   \item Use descriptive text in figures.
    \item Keep sectioning, captions, and lists standard.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{proof it works!}
    \begin{columns}
        % First column (50% of the width)
        \column{0.33\textwidth}
        \begin{figure}
            \centering
            \includegraphics[width=1.2\linewidth]{proofitworks1.png}
            \caption{Score}
            \label{fig:placeholder}
        \end{figure}
        % Second column (50% of the width)
        \column{0.33\textwidth}
        \begin{figure}
            \centering
            \includegraphics[width=1.2\linewidth]{proofitworks2.png}
            \caption{score}
            \label{fig:placeholder}
        \end{figure}
        \column{0.34\textwidth}
        \begin{figure}
            \centering
            \includegraphics[width=1.2\linewidth]{proofyouneedit.png}
            \caption{won't even let me get a score}
            \label{fig:placeholder}
        \end{figure}
        % Example of including an image:
        % \centering
        % \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{your_image_file.jpg}

    \end{columns}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Workshop}
\begin{frame}{Workshop!}
Try to make the PDF I’ve provided more screen-reader friendly.

Suggested improvements:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Add headings, captions, lists. Enable tagging
    \item Use descriptive text.
    \item Clean up layout to match logical reading order.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\end{document}